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WilcoxonDistribution Class

Wilcoxon's W statistic distribution.
Inheritance Hierarchy
SystemObject
  Accord.Statistics.DistributionsDistributionBase
    Accord.Statistics.Distributions.UnivariateUnivariateContinuousDistribution
      Accord.Statistics.Distributions.UnivariateWilcoxonDistribution

Namespace:  Accord.Statistics.Distributions.Univariate
Assembly:  Accord.Statistics (in Accord.Statistics.dll) Version: 3.8.0
Syntax
[SerializableAttribute]
public class WilcoxonDistribution : UnivariateContinuousDistribution
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The WilcoxonDistribution type exposes the following members.

Constructors
Properties
  NameDescription
Public propertyCorrection
Gets or sets the continuity correction to be applied when using the Normal approximation to this distribution.
Public propertyEntropy
Gets the entropy for this distribution.
(Overrides UnivariateContinuousDistributionEntropy.)
Public propertyExact
Gets whether this distribution computes the exact probabilities (by searching all possible sign combinations) or gives fast approximations.
Public propertyMean
Gets the mean for this distribution.
(Overrides UnivariateContinuousDistributionMean.)
Public propertyMedian
Gets the median for this distribution.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public propertyMode
Gets the mode for this distribution.
(Overrides UnivariateContinuousDistributionMode.)
Public propertyNumberOfSamples
Gets the number of effective samples.
Public propertyQuartiles
Gets the Quartiles for this distribution.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public propertyStandardDeviation
Gets the Standard Deviation (the square root of the variance) for the current distribution.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public propertySupport
Gets the support interval for this distribution.
(Overrides UnivariateContinuousDistributionSupport.)
Public propertyTable
Gets the statistic values for all possible combinations of ranks. This is used to compute the exact distribution.
Public propertyVariance
Gets the variance for this distribution.
(Overrides UnivariateContinuousDistributionVariance.)
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Methods
  NameDescription
Public methodClone
Creates a new object that is a copy of the current instance.
(Overrides DistributionBaseClone.)
Public methodComplementaryDistributionFunction
Gets the complementary cumulative distribution function (ccdf) for this distribution evaluated at point x. This function is also known as the Survival function.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodCumulativeHazardFunction
Gets the cumulative hazard function for this distribution evaluated at point x.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodDistributionFunction(Double)
Gets the cumulative distribution function (cdf) for this distribution evaluated at point x.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodDistributionFunction(Double, Double)
Gets the cumulative distribution function (cdf) for this distribution in the semi-closed interval (a; b] given as P(a < X ≤ b).
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodEquals
Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.
(Inherited from Object.)
Protected methodFinalize
Allows an object to try to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before it is reclaimed by garbage collection.
(Inherited from Object.)
Public methodCode exampleFit(Double)
Fits the underlying distribution to a given set of observations.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodCode exampleFit(Double, IFittingOptions)
Fits the underlying distribution to a given set of observations.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodCode exampleFit(Double, Double)
Fits the underlying distribution to a given set of observations.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodCode exampleFit(Double, Int32)
Fits the underlying distribution to a given set of observations.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodCode exampleFit(Double, Double, IFittingOptions)
Fits the underlying distribution to a given set of observations.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodCode exampleFit(Double, Int32, IFittingOptions)
Fits the underlying distribution to a given set of observations.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodGenerate
Generates a random observation from the current distribution.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodGenerate(Int32)
Generates a random vector of observations from the current distribution.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodGenerate(Random)
Generates a random observation from the current distribution.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodGenerate(Int32, Double)
Generates a random vector of observations from the current distribution.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodGenerate(Int32, Random)
Generates a random vector of observations from the current distribution.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodGenerate(Int32, Double, Random)
Generates a random vector of observations from the current distribution.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodGetHashCode
Serves as the default hash function.
(Inherited from Object.)
Public methodGetRange
Gets the distribution range within a given percentile.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodGetType
Gets the Type of the current instance.
(Inherited from Object.)
Public methodHazardFunction
Gets the hazard function, also known as the failure rate or the conditional failure density function for this distribution evaluated at point x.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Protected methodInnerComplementaryDistributionFunction
Gets the complementary cumulative distribution function (ccdf) for this distribution evaluated at point x. This function is also known as the Survival function.
(Overrides UnivariateContinuousDistributionInnerComplementaryDistributionFunction(Double).)
Protected methodInnerDistributionFunction
Gets the cumulative distribution function (cdf) for this distribution evaluated at point k.
(Overrides UnivariateContinuousDistributionInnerDistributionFunction(Double).)
Protected methodInnerInverseDistributionFunction
Gets the inverse of the cumulative distribution function (icdf) for this distribution evaluated at probability p. This function is also known as the Quantile function.
(Overrides UnivariateContinuousDistributionInnerInverseDistributionFunction(Double).)
Protected methodInnerLogProbabilityDensityFunction
Gets the log-probability density function (pdf) for this distribution evaluated at point w.
(Overrides UnivariateContinuousDistributionInnerLogProbabilityDensityFunction(Double).)
Protected methodInnerProbabilityDensityFunction
Gets the probability density function (pdf) for this distribution evaluated at point w.
(Overrides UnivariateContinuousDistributionInnerProbabilityDensityFunction(Double).)
Public methodInverseDistributionFunction
Gets the inverse of the cumulative distribution function (icdf) for this distribution evaluated at probability p. This function is also known as the Quantile function.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodLogCumulativeHazardFunction
Gets the log of the cumulative hazard function for this distribution evaluated at point x.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodLogProbabilityDensityFunction
Gets the log-probability density function (pdf) for this distribution evaluated at point x.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Protected methodMemberwiseClone
Creates a shallow copy of the current Object.
(Inherited from Object.)
Public methodProbabilityDensityFunction
Gets the probability density function (pdf) for this distribution evaluated at point x.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodQuantileDensityFunction
Gets the first derivative of the inverse distribution function (icdf) for this distribution evaluated at probability p.
(Inherited from UnivariateContinuousDistribution.)
Public methodToString
Returns a String that represents this instance.
(Inherited from DistributionBase.)
Public methodToString(IFormatProvider)
Returns a String that represents this instance.
(Inherited from DistributionBase.)
Public methodToString(String)
Returns a String that represents this instance.
(Inherited from DistributionBase.)
Public methodToString(String, IFormatProvider)
Returns a String that represents this instance.
(Overrides DistributionBaseToString(String, IFormatProvider).)
Public methodStatic memberWMinimum
Computes the Wilcoxon's W statistic (equivalent to Mann-Whitney U when used in two-sample tests).
Public methodStatic memberWNegative
Computes the Wilcoxon's W- statistic.
Public methodStatic memberWPositive
Computes the Wilcoxon's W+ statistic.
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Extension Methods
  NameDescription
Public Extension MethodHasMethod
Checks whether an object implements a method with the given name.
(Defined by ExtensionMethods.)
Public Extension MethodIsEqual
Compares two objects for equality, performing an elementwise comparison if the elements are vectors or matrices.
(Defined by Matrix.)
Public Extension MethodTo(Type)Overloaded.
Converts an object into another type, irrespective of whether the conversion can be done at compile time or not. This can be used to convert generic types to numeric types during runtime.
(Defined by ExtensionMethods.)
Public Extension MethodToTOverloaded.
Converts an object into another type, irrespective of whether the conversion can be done at compile time or not. This can be used to convert generic types to numeric types during runtime.
(Defined by ExtensionMethods.)
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Remarks

This is the distribution for the positive side statistic W+ of the Wilcoxon test. Some textbooks (and statistical packages) use alternate definitions for W, which should be compared with the appropriate statistic tables or alternate distributions.

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a non-parametric statistical hypothesis test used when comparing two related samples, matched samples, or repeated measurements on a single sample to assess whether their population mean ranks differ (i.e. it is a paired difference test). It can be used as an alternative to the paired Student's t-test, t-test for matched pairs, or the t-test for dependent samples when the population cannot be assumed to be normally distributed.

References:

Examples
// Compute some rank statistics (see other examples below)
double[] ranks = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.5, 5.5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };

// Create a new Wilcoxon's W distribution
WilcoxonDistribution W = new WilcoxonDistribution(ranks);

// Common measures
double mean = W.Mean;     // 39.0
double median = W.Median; // 38.5
double var = W.Variance;  // 162.5

// Probability density functions
double pdf = W.ProbabilityDensityFunction(w: 42);     // 0.38418508862319295
double lpdf = W.LogProbabilityDensityFunction(w: 42); // 0.38418508862319295

// Cumulative distribution functions
double cdf = W.DistributionFunction(w: 42);               // 0.60817384423279575
double ccdf = W.ComplementaryDistributionFunction(x: 42); // 0.39182615576720425

// Quantile function
double icdf = W.InverseDistributionFunction(p: cdf); // 42

// Hazard (failure rate) functions
double hf = W.HazardFunction(x: 42);            // 0.98049883339449373
double chf = W.CumulativeHazardFunction(x: 42); // 0.936937017743799

// String representation
string str = W.ToString(); // "W+(x; R)"

The following example shows how to compute the W+ statistic given a sample. The Statsstics is given as the sum of all positive signed ranks in a sample.

// Suppose we have computed a vector of differences between
// samples and an hypothesized value (as in Wilcoxon's test).

double[] differences = ... // differences between samples and an hypothesized median

// Compute the ranks of the absolute differences and their sign
double[] ranks = Measures.Rank(differences.Abs());
int[] signs    = Accord.Math.Matrix.Sign(differences).ToInt32();

// Compute the W+ statistics from the signed ranks
double W = WilcoxonDistribution.WPositive(Signs, ranks);
See Also